Israel and Hezbollah, the armed Shia movement that dominates southern Lebanon, have been at war on and off since 1982. Israel killed most of Hezbollah's leadership in 2024, and in March 2026 invaded southern Lebanon again when Hezbollah joined Iran's war. The Lebanese state is caught between them: it wants Hezbollah disarmed and Israel off its land, and has the power to do neither.
The wider confrontation, its history and each side's full account: Israel in regional confrontation.
Where it stands · September 2026
In September 2026 Israel and Hezbollah exchanged prisoners while clashes continued in southern Lebanon. The Israeli army seized the Ali al-Taher ridge from Hezbollah, and Israel destroyed a Hezbollah tunnel network in South Lebanon. Lebanon's president ruled out new talks with Israel as a meeting in Rome was delayed, then sought a security deal with Israel.
What the dispute is about
Hezbollah's weapons. Israel demands that Hezbollah be disarmed and kept away from the border. The Lebanese government has said only the state may bear arms. Hezbollah says it will not disarm while Israel occupies Lebanese ground and bombs at will, and the army will not fight it.
Israel's presence. Israeli forces hold positions inside Lebanon and strike across the country. Israel says they leave when the threat does. Lebanon says their presence is the threat and the reason Hezbollah keeps its support.
Each condition waits on the other, and the state that would have to enforce both is the weakest of the three.