El País · February 2026

• factual coverage of domestic political actors and events
• no evaluative language toward Spain as a country
• focus on weather, transport, and political disputes without national framing

Headlines cover Spain's internal affairs neutrally; no explicit stance toward the country as an entity. The entity 'ES' is treated as a geographic/political setting, not as an actor evaluated by the outlet.

• focuses on US immigration enforcement as harsh or unjust
• highlights US political dysfunction and scandals (Epstein, climate rollback)
• uses distancing or critical framing of Trump administration actions
• gives voice to critics of US policy (European officials, activists, former officials)

Coverage is not uniformly hostile; some headlines are neutral or factual (e.g., #1, #25). The negative stance is directed primarily at US government policies and the Trump administration, not at the US as a whole or its people. The outlet also publishes positive or neutral pieces about US cultural figures (Bad Bunny, Michelle Obama) and quotes US officials without overt criticism in some cases.

• labels Epstein as 'pederasta' (pedophile) and 'depredador sexual' (sexual predator)
• frames Epstein as a corrupting influence with 'tentáculos' (tentacles) in elite circles
• associates Epstein with criminal networks, trafficking, and disinformation
• uses Epstein as a reference point for scandal and abuse, never as a credible source

All headlines treat Epstein as a notorious criminal figure; the outlet's own vocabulary is uniformly hostile, with no neutral or positive framing. The entity is never quoted or given voice; he is only referenced as a source of scandal and harm.

• portrays Trump as authoritarian and aggressive
• uses negative framing like 'terror migratorio' and 'asedio'
• highlights opposition and legal setbacks
• attributes actions to 'Trump administration' with distancing effect

Some headlines report Trump's actions neutrally (e.g., #10, #14), but the overall selection emphasizes negative consequences, legal defeats, and authoritarian framing. The entity's quoted content is not directly presented; instead, the outlet's own vocabulary drives the critical stance.

• Quotes Sheinbaum as decisive and sovereign
• Frames her actions as justified or necessary
• Uses her own words to rebut critics
• Highlights her policy initiatives without evaluative distance

Several headlines report internal opposition (e.g., allies rejecting reform, fracking controversy) and a few are neutral factual reports (e.g., Pemex sales, embassy collapse). The outlet does not use distancing verbs like 'claims' or 'alleges' when quoting Sheinbaum; instead it presents her statements as authoritative. The overall framing is favourable to the Sheinbaum administration, though not celebratory.

• uses delegitimizing labels like 'régimen chavista', 'testaferro de Maduro', 'presunto torturador'
• foregrounds opposition figures and their perspectives
• reports internal regime problems and scandals
• occasionally neutral or descriptive in diplomatic coverage

The outlet consistently frames the Venezuelan government (VE) as authoritarian and corrupt, using terms like 'régimen' and highlighting opposition voices. However, some headlines (e.g., 9, 10, 16) are more neutral or descriptive, and the entity is a country rather than a single actor, so stance is toward the government/regime. The negative stance is clear but not extreme (-2) because there is some variation and the outlet does not uniformly use the most hostile language in every headline.

• reinforced / sale reforzado framing
• authoritative quoting of Petro's statements
• focus on diplomatic success and political gains
• some neutral or mixed coverage of other figures

Headlines 5, 8, 18 are neutral or critical of other entities, not of CO itself; headline 19 introduces uncertainty about Petro's legacy, but overall the outlet treats Petro as a credible actor and highlights his strengthened position.

• foregrounds opposition and conflict (strikes, protests, resignations)
• uses distancing or negative framing of Milei's actions ('forces', 'trabas', 'dejó sin respuestas')
• highlights negative consequences for workers and institutions
• includes positive or neutral coverage of non-Milei entities (unions, judiciary, artists)

The entity is AR (Argentina), but coverage overwhelmingly focuses on President Milei as the key actor. The outlet's stance toward Argentina as a country is neutral; the negative stance is toward Milei's administration. Headlines 2 and 8 are more neutral/factual, but the overall bundle is critical of the government's policies and methods.

• Quotes Sheinbaum authoritatively on policy announcements and sovereignty claims
• Uses neutral or positive framing for her actions (anuncia, ofrece, promete)
• Occasional critical coverage of political setbacks or internal opposition
• Headline 10 uses a boxing metaphor that could be seen as empowering

Headlines 3 and 11 show some critical distance (political obstacles, ideological heart agitation), but overall the outlet treats Sheinbaum as a credible leader whose statements are reported without distancing verbs or evaluative hostility. Headline 16 is an opinion piece (likely column) that is clearly positive, but the bundle is mostly news reporting.