Papua New Guinea

Australia's strategic position between its largest trading partner and its principal security ally. Four axes run through it: the contest with China over the security and diplomatic alignment of the Pacific island states; a trade relationship in which iron ore, beef and critical minerals carry both dependence and leverage; the contested assessment of Chinese espionage and military reach; and the AUKUS submarine programme, whose revision has made alliance reliability a domestic Australian question. Coverage divides between Australian and Western outlets, Chinese state media, and — on AUKUS — Australian critics of the pact itself.